EN 1090-2: the execution class selector for EXC1-EXC4
EN 1090-2 EXC1-EXC4 table: ISO 5817 weld level, NDT scope, coordinator requirement per class, and who sets the class on your project.
Research‑grade articles on infrared thermography in welding, AI defect detection, cooling rates (T8/5), compliance, and ROI.
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EN 1090-2 EXC1-EXC4 table: ISO 5817 weld level, NDT scope, coordinator requirement per class, and who sets the class on your project.
ASME B31.3 process piping welding: WPS qualification, NDE acceptance criteria, examination types, and QC implementation steps.
NADCAP welding requirements for aerospace suppliers: AC7110 checklist, common audit failures, documentation standards, and real-time monitoring support.
EN ISO 10042 acceptance criteria for aluminium welds: quality levels B, C, D with imperfection tables, selection guide, and monitoring approach for welding.
Which standards govern thermographic testing: EN 16714 parts 1-3, ISO 9712 TT certification, and how aerospace, rail, energy and automotive apply them.
ISO 5817 levels B, C, and D explained side by side — acceptance limits, imperfection tables, decision criteria, and when to use each quality level.
Heat input, HAZ softening, and LME risk in AHSS welding — how thermal monitoring keeps automotive Tier 1 suppliers compliant with ISO 3834, VDA 6.3, and IATF.
VDA 6.3 process audit for welding: scoring method, P-questions breakdown, pass thresholds and audit preparation checklist for welding manufacturers.
Passive or active thermography for welds? Compare what each method sees, defect coverage, excitation choices, EN 16714 duties, and how to pick between them.